The ancient teachings of yoga and also the Bhagavad Gita, talks about three essential aspects of nature. These are called the Gunas. The GUNAS are the three main qualities whose interaction produces all forms of “creation” which emanates from the Prakriti, the Original Nature. They are the most subtle qualities of nature and exist in all the things, including our body and mind. All objects in the universe consist of various combinations of the three Gunas. These Gunas determine the nature of things, beings, their actions, behavior, attitude and attachments and their involvement with the objective world in which they live.
Each Guna has its own characteristics. Action that is virtuous, free from attachment, and without craving for results is considered Sattvic; Action that is driven purely by craving for pleasure, selfishness and agitation is Rajasic; Action that is undertaken because of delusion, disregarding consequences, without considering loss or injury to others or self, ignorance is called Tamasic.
How can we say that the three Gunas exist? You can see it in your own body and in your own life. You find that you are lethargic one day and for no reason unable to do anything. The next day you are fit and active again, ready to do anything. There comes a time when you are happy, just like that and you do not know why. Everything gets influenced by these Gunas depending upon which one is more dominant in each individual.
The food we eat if tastes good and promote health, strength, and a pleasant mind is sattva. If it is oversalted, highly spiced, and causes illness and depression is rajas. If it is stale, unwanted by others, and not fit as an offering is tamas. That is why many people avoid spicy food, onion garlic etc because they are tasamic and rajasic and they lead to passion and ignorance
Similarly our happiness may arise from inner discrimination and increase over time (sattva) if it is overly sensual sweet in the beginning, poisonous in the end (rajas) and if it arises from sleep, lethargy, and negligence (tamas)
The knowledge of these three Gunas, which hold the entire universe and all creatures under their sway, is of vital importance to each and everyone for their progress and happiness in life. In Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna reveals that these three qualities compose the Cosmic Nature. This Cosmic Nature is the primal source and origin of the entire creation and all things in it. Hence all things created are subject to their influence. The highest of the three qualities is Sattwa. It is pure. It brings about happiness, wisdom and also illumination. The second quality of Rajas gives rise to passion manifested by intense attachment and greed and hence causes sorrow and suffering. The third, termed Tamas, is the worst of all. It arises due to ignorance and results in darkness, lethargy and delusion
The purpose of such an elaborate description of these three qualities in the Bhagavad-Gita is not to encourage us to become sattvic or eliminate other qualities. Whether it is sattva or rajas or tamas, the Gunas are part of Prakriti and responsible for all our behaviors, ignorance, delusion, bondage and suffering on earth. When they are active, we remain bound to one thing or another. We cannot be free, until they are fully resolved. Therefore, the Bhagavad Gita suggests that we should try to transcend them rather than cultivate them that is by disciplining the totality of life, one has to go beyond tamas (the quality of laziness), and then beyond rajas (the quality of activity and desires). Then one becomes more sattvic (the quality of happiness, calmness and lightness). One who does not hates illumination, doesn’t yearn for any kind of attachment, who is not bothered by blame or praise, one who regards equally the desirable or undesirable, who treats friends and enemies alike etc such a person is said to have transcends the three mode of nature. By knowing the nature of the three gunas and how they tend to keep us in bondage and illusion, we should become wiser and strive to transcend them. In today’s world, where tamas and rajas predominate, it is even more important to gain a good understanding of the Gunas as these 3 qualities or Gunas have a direct effect on our physical health, our mental state and our emotional well being. Every day situations need you to take decisions. All decisions are guided by tamas, rajas or sattva, but those that are guided by sattva are the best.
When a human being transcends these three modes of nature and correctly understand that all actions are a result of these GUNAS, he is freed from birth, death, old age and illness and is able to enjoy life.
P.S- To know about it in more detail, you can read THE BHAGAVAD GITA.
IAMTHERE4U 🙂